Cooling and ventilating system.



:No. 353,375. PATENTED MAY 14, 1907 K. 0. RANDALL.

COOLING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2.1906.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 1906.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

c. RANDALL, OF EDcEwooD PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ACORPLORA- TION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COOLING A ND VE NTILATING SYSTEM- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14, 1907.

Application filed May z, 1906. Serial No. 314,878.

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL C. RANDALL, a citizen of the United States, and a'resident of A Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cooling and Ventilating Systems, of which the following is aspecification. My "nvention relates to cooling or ventilating systems and has special reference to the regulation of such. systems as are adapted for use With electrical apparatus.

The object of my invention is to provide means for automatically regulating the amount of energy-utilized for ventilating or cooling electric apparatus,=;that shall be simpie in arran ement' and dependent'upon the amount of e ectric energy delivered from the apparatus and consequently indirectly de- It is sometimes necessary, particularly in apparatus which is continually in service, not only to provide suitable ventilating passages through the structure of the apparatus but also to maintain forced ventilation by circulating a suitable cooling 'fiuid through the electrically and magnetically active parts.

Transformers are often subjected to continuous service, and motor-driven ventilating fluid-propellers are sometimes employed for preventing abnormal rise in the tempera'- ture oft'he transformer windings; and core.

This'propeller may force a suitable fluid,

.SIlCl'l as air, through ventilating ducts which are provided in the core or it may circulate a cooling medium through coils of pipe which -may be located in any suitable insulating fluid which surrounds the transformer.

in order to regulate the degree of cooling action, -I arrange the electric driving motor for the ventilating fluid-propeller so-that its speed is automatically re ulated as the amountof energy delivered om the electric apparatusvarie's. Since the heating of the transformer or other, electrical apparatus is primarily dependent upon the load under which it I is operated, the, amount of cooling may easily be automatically varied to suitthe conditions existing in the apparatus.

Figure 1' of the accompanying r awings is.

a view, partially inside elevatlon and'partially in section, andFig. 2 a diagram of ,a transformer cooling system arranged and regulated in accordance with my invention Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrammatic views of similar cooling systems in which the control of the driving motor for the fluid-propeller'is effected by modified means.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of-thedrawings,

transformers 1: comprise laminated core members 2 and windings 3 which are supported'in inclosing casings 4 provided-with side dampers 5 and top' dampers 6. The

core members are constructed of magnetiz able laminae which are separated at intervals by spacing or ventilating plates in order to provide airassages through the core The bottoms .of the casings are open and are connected with an airchamber fi /into which cool air may be forced As illustrated in Fig. 2, the motor- 8 is of the series type and is connected directly in series with the secondary circuit of the transformer. In this way, the speed o'f'the motor by an air propeller .7 rotatedby an electric. driving motor 8.

is automatically variedwhen the transformer varies andconsequently more or less air is.

forced through the transformerby the propeller 7, as it'isneeded, This arrangement is principally advantageous onaccount of its simplicity but is rest ricted in its application to relatively small transformers having low'- voltage secondary circuits and the drop in potential occasioned by the motor may sometimes be prohibitive.

Ijhe motor may be connected accordin to various other methods, as illustrated inigs.

S and 4, in which the speed of the motor may be varied as the load on the transformer varies, irrespective of the voltage of the secondary. circu1ts.

Referring specially to Hi 3 a series transformer 9 1s connected in t e secondary circult of the transformer 1 and the motor 8 is energized from the secondary of this transformer, so that the voltage applied to the motor is independent of the transformer vol- I n Fig. the motor 8' is supplied With'emondary of tie series trans ormer 9. The

magnet windings 15, 1.6, 17 and 18 have dif-. ferent numbers of turns so that a value of electric current which will operate the switch 1 1 is insufficient to operate any of the others. A slightly increased amount of current will operate the switch 12, a similar successive current increase being necessary to operate each of the switches 13 and 1 1. When the switches are all open, 110 energy is supplied to the motor 8 and as the load on the transformer is increased so that it becomes desirable to ventilate the transforrriercore and windings by forceddraft, the increase in current traversing the secondary of the transformer 9 will be sufficient to energize the winding 15 and to stant temperature,

close. the switch 11. When this switch is closed, energy 1s supplied from an intermediate tap 19 of the transformer 1.0, through contact fingers 20 and 21 of the switch 12 which is open, and through contact fingers 22 and 23 of the switch 11, to the motor 8, circuit being completed through an opposite line conductor 24. This connection Wlll be maintained until, the load on the transformer is decreased so that the switch 11 is opened or is increased so that the switch 12 is closed. As the switch 12 is closed, circuit. from the intermediate ta 19 is interrupted and a circuit of' slightly igher voltage from'an intermediate tap 25 is com leted 'throu h the switches 13 and 12 and the speed of t e mo tor is correspondingly increased. The voltage applied to the motor may be still further increased in a similar manner by the 1 closing of the switches 13 .and 141 In all the arrangements illustrated, the speed of the motor which drives the fluidpropeller is dependent upon the amount of energy taken from'the secondary of the transformer, consequently the cooling effect which is'effected by the propeller is automatically regulated to maintain a substantially consince the tendency for the coils and core to heat is dependent upon the current traversing the transformer coils.

Although I have shown several systems in volvmg automatic regulation, the use of my invention is not restricted to the arrange.

ment shown, but those skilled in the art will find no difficulty appl ing its princi les to various other uses and desire that on y such limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 1. The combination with electrical apparatus from which energy is delivered, and

cooling means therefor, of means for auto matically regulating the amount of cooling in accordance with the amount of energy delivered. y \4 2. The combination with apparatus from which electrical energy is delivered and cooling means therefor, of means for automatically regulating the amount of cooling in accordance with the amount of current defilivered.

3. The combination with transformers for electric energy and a ventilating fluid circulater for coolin the transformers, of means for regulating t e energy supplied to the circulatorfor ventilating purposes in accordance with the value 'of electric current delivered.

4; The combination with transformers for electric energy and a motor-driven fluid circulator for cooling the transformers, of means for automatically regulating the speed of the motor in accordance with the amount of energy delivered from the transformers.

' 5. The combination with transformers for electric energy and an electric motor-driven. fluid circulator for coolin the transformer, of means for automatica ly regulating the 4 speed of the electric motor in accordance W'ltll the amount of energy delivered from the transformers.

trio a paratus, an air propeller and an elec tric riving .motor therefor, of means for automatically regulating the speed of the motor in accordance with the amount of current delivere'd from the apparatus. 7. The combination with air cooled transformers for electric energy and an air pro peller therefor, a driving motor for the propeller, of means for supplying energy to the motor in accordance with the amount of energy delivered from the transformers.

8. The combination with air cooled transformers, air propellers therefor and electric driving motors for the propellers, of means for automatically regulating the speed of the motors-in accordance with the, amount of energy delivered from the transformers.

9. Thecombination with transformers for electric energy and a motor-driven. fluid circulator for cooling the transformers, of means for automatically regulating the speed of the motor that is dependent upon the energy delivered from the transformers and comprises a regulating. transformer, a plurality of relay switches which determine the voltage applied to the motor and are severally controlled by dissimilar electro-magnet coils energized by the current traversing the trans former windings.

7 I Too 6. The combination with air cooled elec- 10. The combination with' 'transformers for electric energy and any electric motordriven fluid circulator for cooling the transformers, of means for automatically regulat ing the speed of the electric motor that is dependent upon the energy delivered from the transformers and comprises a regulating transformer, a plurality of relay switches fwhich determine the voltage applied to the ,U

motor and are severally controlled-by dissimilar electro-magnet coils energized by the current traversing the transformer windings. .11. The combination with air cooled elec trio apparatus,- an air propeller and an electrio driving motor therefor, of means for'au tomatically regulating the speed of the motor that is dependent upon the current delivered from the apparatus and comprises a regulating transformer, a lurality of relay switches which determine t e voltage applied to the motor and are'severally controlled by dissimilar jelectro-m'agnet coils energized by the current traversing the transformer windings."

12. The combination with air cooled transformers'fdr'electric energy and an air propeller therefor, a driving motor for the pro-' peller, of means for supplying energ T to the v motor that isidependent upon the energy delivered from-the transformers and com-- prises a regulating transformer, a plurality of relay switches which'determine the vol.

former windings. t,

13. The combination with-air cooled transformers, air propellers therefor and'electric driving motors for the propellers, ofmeans for automatically regulating the speed of the motors that is dependent upon the energy KARL OiRAjNDALh. Witnesses:

J S, W ILLIAMS',

I BIRNEY .HmEs';

tagezapplied to the motor andare severally controlled by dissimilar electro-magnet colls energized by the current traversing the trans- 

